In Korea, the most important route is perinatal transmission in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The main transmission routes include perinatal infection, the skin and mucous membrane infections caused by contaminated blood or body fluids (blood transfusion, use of contaminated syringes, hemodialysis, invasive tests or surgery), and sexual contacts. 5 Thus, there is almost no risk of transmission in the course of daily life, and the infection through fecal-oral transmission does not occur. The virus can be detected in all human body fluids, the virus concentration in the fluids is highest in the blood or serous exudates, and it is relatively low in saliva, semen, vaginal fluids. HBV is transmitted parenterally by contaminated blood or other body fluids through blood vessels, skin or mucous membranes.
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